Carta de la sociedad civil sobre el régimen de inversiones y la UNCTAD
To:
Mukhisa Kituyi, Secretario General de la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo (UNCTAD) Estados miembro de la UNCTAD Las organizaciones de la sociedad civil signatarias, en representación de sus bases de apoyo en diversas regiones del mundo, nos dirigimos a ustedes para expresarles nuestras inquietudes respecto de las consecuencias que acarrean los tratados de protección de inversiones para el futuro del desarrollo sustentable en nuestros países y regiones. Tanto en países en desarrollo como desarrollados, la experiencia ha demostrado que el régimen internacional de protección de inversiones, codificado en un número creciente de tratados bilaterales de inversión (TBI) y capítulos de inversión incluidos en tratados de libre comercio, representa un gran obstáculo para el desarrollo sustentable y la potestad del Estado de proteger el interés general. Estos resultados son producto tanto de las disposiciones sustantivas desequilibradas establecidas por estos tratados, como del papel problemático y cada vez más preponderante del sistema de solución de diferencias inversionista-Estado. Estos tribunales, a menudo compuestos por tres abogados privados, están autorizados a pronunciarse en contra de políticas de interés público de conformidad con amplios derechos de los inversionistas extranjeros que exceden aquellos brindados a las empresas nacionales. Los tribunales a menudo ordenan que se "indemnice" a las empresas extranjeras por las "ganancias futuras esperadas" que éstas consideran no podrán percibir a consecuencia de las políticas ante esos impugnadas. Además, sus decisiones son inapelables. Muchos de los abogados que intervienen en este sistema rotan entre distintos papeles, algunas veces como "jueces" de esos tribunales y otras como abogados que presentan demandas contra Estados en calidad de representantes de empresas. Hemos documentado y denunciado en diversos foros muchos casos que revelan cómo este sistema vulnera el espacio político, regulatorio y fiscal de los gobiernos. Mediante esos procesos de solución de diferencias se han impugnado iniciativas regulatorias impulsadas por los Estados en áreas tales como la salud, medioambiente y cambio climático, estabilidad financiera, agua, derechos laborales y agricultura, entre otras, y se les han adjudicado a grandes empresas miles de millones de dólares de los contribuyentes, y muchos miles de millones más que siguen pendientes de decisión. Estas indemnizaciones, sumadas a los excesivos costos legales que deben afrontar los Estados para defenderse, representan una carga cada vez mayor sobre los hombros de los contribuyentes de nuestros países. El monitoreo que hace UNCTAD de las demandas interpuestas para solución de diferencias inversionista-Estado constituye un aporte importante para entender estos problemas. También hemos denunciado nuevas tendencias que fomentan la proliferación de demandas inversionista-Estado y las graves consecuencias que ellas implican, tales como el financiamiento ofrecido por terceros para entablar demandas de este tipo y la especulación financiera sobre las indemnizaciones adjudicadas por los tribunales arbitrales. Nuestras inquietudes adquieren renovada importancia a la luz de las negociaciones en curso sobre las Metas de Desarrollo Sustentable y el marco de desarrollo pos- 2015. En realidad, para mejorar el espacio político disponible para los países en desarrollo y ofrecer un ambiente conducente que permita plantearse objetivos nacionales orientados al desarrollo es esencial modificar la manera como se encaran las normas sobre inversiones. Enmarcada en un contexto adecuado de políticas y orientada hacia el logro de objetivos nacionales de desarrollo, la inversión puede ser una herramienta importante para el desarrollo; sin embargo, tal como concluye el Informe sobre Comercio y Desarrollo de la UNCTAD "los resultados no respaldan la hipótesis de que los TBI promueven la inversión extranjera directa bilateral". Hemos recibido con beneplácito las medidas que han adoptado varios gobiernos que decidieron revisar sus políticas en materia de tratados de protección de inversiones y que buscan alternativas que no restrinjan indebidamente el espacio de los gobiernos anfitriones de regular a favor del interés público. Valoramos además el Informe sobre Comercio y Desarrollo de la UNCTAD (2014) y su contribución adicional a la explicitación y esclarecimiento de las restricciones crecientes que impone al espacio político de los gobiernos la aplicación de normas de protección de las inversiones. El informe acertadamente pone de relieve la necesidad de cambio, ya sea mediante la cancelación o renegociación de los tratados de inversiones y la búsqueda de alternativas en las leyes y sistemas judiciales nacionales. También recibimos con beneplácito los esfuerzos que está realizando el Equipo de Acuerdos Internacionales de Inversión (AII) de la División de Inversión de la UNCTAD encaminados a apoyar la formulación de políticas y tratados de inversión que promuevan realmente el desarrollo. Exhortamos a que el papel principal de la División de Inversión sea ofrecerles a los países en desarrollo el servicio invaluable de mejorar sus conocimientos sobre los obstáculos que representan las disposiciones sustantivas desequilibradas establecidas por los acuerdos internacionales de inversión, y la búsqueda de alternativas. Exhortamos a que el trabajo de las distintas divisiones de la UNCTAD sobre estas cuestiones exhiba un grado mayor de coherencia, alineando a tal efecto su trabajo con el enfoque de desarrollo establecido a lo largo de hace más de 30 años en el Informe sobre Comercio y Desarrollo de la UNCTAD. Atentamente,
| International Organizations and Networks | ||
| 1 | ActionAid International | ActionAid International is an international organisation, working with over 15 million people in 45 countries for a world free from poverty and injustice. |
| 2. | Association for Women’s Rights in Development | The Association for Women's Rights in Development (AWID) is an international, feminist, membership organization committed to achieving gender equality, sustainable development and women's human rights. |
| 3 | Compassion in World Farming | Compassion in World Farming leads a growing worldwide movement of people concerned about how factory farming mistreats animals, wastes precious resources and utterly fails to meet the needs of the planet’s inhabitants. |
| 4. | Dignity International | Dignity International advocates with, connects, and supports the empowerment of deprived and struggling communities in claiming their human rights, and creating social justice around the world. |
| 5 | Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) | FoEI is the world’s largest grassroots environmental network, uniting 73 national member groups and some 5,000 local activist groups on every continent. With over 2 million members and supporters around the world, FoEI campaigns on today’s most urgent environmental and social issues. |
| 6 | IBON International | IBON initiates and implements international programs, develops and hosts international networks, initiates and participates in international advocacy campaigns, and establishes regional and country offices. IBON strengthens links between local campaigns and advocacies to international initiatives. |
| 7. | International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers' Associations (IUF) | The IUF is currently composed of 385 trade unions in 123 countries representing a combined representational membership of over 12 million workers (including a financial membership of 2.6 million). It is based in Geneva, Switzerland. |
| 8. | International Women’s Anthropology Conference (IWAC) | An international network of women involved in anthropology and related fields whose research and activities center on issues of concern to women. |
| 9 | LDC Watch | LDC Watch is a global alliance of national, regional and international civil society organisations (CSOs), networks and movements based in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). |
| 10 | Medical Mission Sisters | Medical Mission Sisters were founded in 1925 in Washington, D.C. Our Community started with just four members, from three different countries. Over time, hundreds more women from around the world joined us in our mission of healing presence to those in need. |
| 11. | OpenMedia International | OpenMedia International brings the global pro-Internet community together, empowering people to participate in Internet governance through fresh and engaging citizens campaigns. We provide the Internet freedom movement with a platform to pressure leaders everywhere when bureaucrats and lobbyists threaten our digital future. |
| 12 | Oxfam International | Oxfam is an international confederation of 17 organizations working together with partners and local communities in more than 90 countries. |
| 13. | Pax Romana ICMICA | The International Catholic Movement for Intellectual and Cultural Affairs was created in 1947 and now has members in more than 54 countries from every continent, as well as several contact groups and individual members. |
| 14 | People's Health Movement | The PHM is a global network bringing together grassroots health activists, civil society organizations and academic institutions from around the world, particularly from low and middle income countries (L&MIC) with a presence in around 70 countries. |
| 15 | Public Services International (PSI) | Public Services International (PSI) is a global trade union federation dedicated to promoting quality public services in every part of the world. PSI brings together more than 20 million workers, represented by 650 unions in 150 countries and territories. |
| 16. | RIPESS - Intercontinental Network for the Promotion of Social Solidarity Economy | RIPESS is an intercontinental network that connects social and solidarity economy networks throughout the world. As a network of networks, it brings together continental networks, which in turn bring together national and sectoral networks. |
| 17 | Social Watch Network | Social Watch is an international network of citizens’ organizations in the struggle to eradicate poverty and the causes of poverty, to end all forms of discrimination and racism, to ensure an equitable distribution of wealth and the realization of human rights. |
| 18 | Society for International Development (SID) | The Society for International Development (SID) is a global network of individuals and institutions concerned with development, which is participative, pluralistic and sustainable, with a network of individual and institutional members and local chapters in more than 50 countries worldwide. |
| 19 | Third World Network | Third World Network (TWN) is an independent non-profit international network of organisations and individuals involved in issues relating to development, developing countries and North-South affairs. |
| 20 | Transnational Institute | The Transnational Institute (TNI) of Policy Studies carries out radical informed analysis on critical global issues builds alliances with social movements develops proposals for a more sustainable, just and democratic world. |
| Regional Organizations and Networks | ||
| 21. | Campaign2015+ International | Africa |
| 22. | Global Network for Community Development | Africa |
| 23. | Africa Development Interchange Network (ADIN) | Africa |
| 24. | ARCADE | Africa |
| 25. | Association Panafricaine d'Alphabétisation et d'Education des Adultes (PAALAE) | Africa |
| 26. | Eastern Africa Farmers Federation (EAFF) | Africa |
| 27. | Economic News Africa | Africa |
| 28. | Third World Network Africa | Africa |
| 29. | Southern and Eastern African Trade, Information and Negotiations Institute (SEATINI) | Africa |
| 30. | Asia Pacific Research Network | Asia |
| 31. | Asian Solidarity Economy Council (ASEC)/RIPESS Asia | Asia |
| 32. | Corporate Europe Observatory (CEO) | Europe |
| 33. | Delegation of PODEMOS in the European Parliament | Europe |
| 34. | European Federation of Public Service Unions (EPSU) | Europe |
| 35. | European Public Health Alliance (EPHA) | Europe |
| 36. | Food & Water Europe | Europe |
| 37. | Friends of the Earth Europe (FoEE) | Europe |
| 38. | European Federation for Transport and Environment | Europe |
| 39. | Asociación Latinoamericana de Medicina Social (ALAMES) | Latin America |
| 40. | Consejo Sindical Unitario de América Central y El Caribe (CSU) | Latin America |
| 41. | Friends of the Earth Latin America and Caribbean (ATALC) | Latin America |
| 42. | Mesa de Coordinación Latinoamericana de Comercio Justo | Latin America |
| 43. | Movimiento Mesoamericano contra el Modelo extractivo Minero (M4) | Latin America |
| 44. | Plataforma Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, Democracia y Desarrollo (PIDHDD Regional) | Latin America |
| 45. | Red de Educación Popular Entre Mujeres de América Latina y el Caribe (REPEMLAC) | Latin America |
| 46. | Trabajadores del Estado y los Servicios Públicos | Latin America |
| 47. | Arab NGO Network for Development (ANND) | Middle East |
| 48. | The Gulf Economic Association | Middle East |
| 49. | International Brotherhood of Teamsters | North America |
| 50. | Pacific Network on Globalisation (PANG) | Pacific |
| National Organizations and Networks | ||
| 51. | Social Watch Afghanistan | Afghanistan |
| 52. | Federación Argentina de Empleados de Comercio y Servicios (FAECYS) | Argentina |
| 53. | Foro Ciudadano de Participación por la Justicia y los Derechos Humanos (FOCO) | Argentina |
| 54. | Center for the Development of Civil Society (CDCS) | Armenia |
| 55. | Australian Fair Trade and Investment Network (AFTINET) | Australia |
| 56. | National Tertiary Education Union, Australia | Australia |
| 57. | New South Wales Nurses and Midwives’ Association (NSWNMA) | Australia |
| 58. | Bahrain Transparency Society | Bahrain |
| 59. | Bangladesh Krishok Federation | Bangladesh |
| 60. | Equity and Justice Working Group Bangladesh (EquityBD) | Bangladesh |
| 61. | 11.11.11- Coalition of the Flemish North-South Movement | Belgium |
| 62. | Centre d’Action Laïque de la Province de Liège | Belgium |
| 63. | Centre National de Coopération au Développement (CNCD-11.11.11) | Belgium |
| 64. | Centre Tricontinental (CETRI) | Belgium |
| 65. | CGSP wallonne (General Confederation for Public Services) | Belgium |
| 66. | Fédération des Résistances | Belgium |
| 67. | Le Monde Selon les Femmes | Belgium |
| 68. | Peuple et Culture Wallonie | Belgium |
| 69. | Dynamique des Organisations de la Société Civile d'Afrique Francophone | Benin |
| 70. | Groupe de Recherche et d'Action pour la Promotion de l'Agriculture et du Développement (GRAPAD) | Benin |
| 71. | Le Programme Globethics.net Francophone Africa (GEFA) | Benin |
| 72. | Le Réseau des Journalistes Économiques du Bénin (REJEB) | Benin |
| 73. | Plateforme des Acteurs de la Société Civile au Bénin (PASCiB) | Benin |
| 74. | Social Watch Bénin | Benin |
| 75. | Fundacion Solón | Bolivia |
| 76. | Instituto Justiça Fiscal | Brazil |
| 77. | Rede Brasileira Pela Integração dos Povos (REBRIP) | Brazil |
| 78. | Graine de Joie | Burkina Faso |
| 79. | Save the Earth Cambodia | Cambodia |
| 80. | Association of Canadian Financial Officers | Canada |
| 81. | Council of Canadians | Canada |
| 82. | Group of 78 | Canada |
| 83. | Asociación Ambiente y Sociedad | Colombia |
| 84. | Corporación Cactus | Colombia |
| 85. | Friends of the Earth Costa Rica (COECOCEIBA) | Costa Rica |
| 86. | GCAP Czech Republic | Czech Republic |
| 87. | Social Watch Czech Republic | Czech Republic |
| 88. | Service de Renforcement et d'Appui aux Communautés de Bases et aux OSC SEARCOB en Sigle, Délégation Nationale OSCAF | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| 89. | Social Watch DR Congo | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| 90. | Confederación Nacional de Unidad Sindical (CNUS) | Dominican Republic |
| 91. | La Fundación Etnica Integral | Dominican Republic |
| 92. | ALBA Movimientos | Ecuador |
| 93. | Centro de Documentación en Derechos Humanos “Segundo Montes Mozo S.J.” (CSMM) | Ecuador |
| 94. | Fundación de Estudios, Acción y Participación Social (FEDAEPS) | Ecuador |
| 95. | Red Latinoamericana de Mujeres Transformando la Economía (REMTE) | Ecuador |
| 96. | Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR) | Egypt |
| 97. | The Egyptian Center for Economic and Social Rights | Egypt |
| 98. | Service Centre for Development Cooperation (KEPA) | Finland |
| 99. | Sherpa | France |
| 100. | Worldview | Gambia |
| 101. | Berlin Center for Research and Documentation Chile-Latin America (FDCL) | Germany |
| 102. | Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure (FFII) | Germany |
| 103. | PowerShift e.V. | Germany |
| 104. | World Economy, Ecology & Development (WEED) | Germany |
| 105. | EKPIZO | Greece |
| 106. | CEIBA | Guatemala |
| 107. | Coordinación de ONG y Cooperativas de Guatemala (CONGCOOP) | Guatemala |
| 108. | Les femmes entrepreneures et femmes d'affaire de la CEDEAO section Guinée (FEFA) | Guinea |
| 109. | Plateforme Haïtienne de Plaidoyer pour un Développement Alternatif (PAPDA) | Haiti |
| 110. | Hungarian Social Watch Coalition | Hungary |
| 111. | ActionAid India | India |
| 112. | Andhra Pradesh Vyavasaya Vruthidarula Union (APVVU) | India |
| 113. | Asha Parivar | India |
| 114. | Bharatiya Krishak Samaj (BKS) | India |
| 115. | Citizen News Service (CNS) | India |
| 116. | Consumers' Association from Kerala | India |
| 117. | Social Watch India | India |
| 118. | Madhyam | India |
| 119. | Paschim Banga Khet Majoor Samity (West Bengal Agricultural Workers Union) | India |
| 120. | Vote For Health Campaign | India |
| 121. | Asosiasi Perempuan Indonesia untuk Keadilan (APIK) | Indonesia |
| 122. | Indonesia for Global Justice (IGJ) | Indonesia |
| 123. | Institute Keadilan Global (Institute for Global Justice) | Indonesia |
| 124. | Migrant CARE Indonesia | Indonesia |
| 125. | Iraqi Al-Amal Association | Iraq |
| 126. | Presentation Justice Network | Ireland |
| 127. | Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro (CGIL) | Italy |
| 128. | Mediterranean Institute | Italy |
| 129. | Campaign for Social & Economic Justice | Jamaica |
| 130. | Phenix Center for Economic and Informatics Studies | Jordan |
| 131. | Dockworkers Union | Kenya |
| 132. | Kenya Debt Relief Network (KENDREN) | Kenya |
| 133. | Seed Institute Kenya | Kenya |
| 134. | Southern and Eastern Africa Trade Information and Negotiations Institute (SEATINI), KENYA | Kenya |
| 135. | Citizen's Coalition for Economic Justice (CCEJ) | Korea |
| 136. | Humanitarian Group for Social Development (HGSD) | Lebanon |
| 137. | NGO Platform of Saida (Tajamoh) | Lebanon |
| 138. | Rassemblement des Femmes Democrates Libanaises (RFDL) | Lebanon |
| 139. | Consumers Association of Penang | Malaysia |
| 140. | Malaysian AIDS Council | Malaysia |
| 141. | Sahabat Alam Malaysia | Malaysia |
| 142. | Coalition Malienne des Acteurs Non Etatiques sur l’ Accords de Partenariat Economique (CMANE-AC) | Mali |
| 143. | Fondation pour le Développement au Sahel (FDS) | Mali |
| 144. | Social Watch Malta | Malta |
| 145. | L'association de l'Espace Culturel-Nouakchott | Mauritania |
| 146. | NTIC et Citoyennete/Maurifemme | Mauritania |
| 147. | ONG GLOBE | Mauritania |
| 148. | Point Focal de la Société Civile de Mauritanie | Mauritania |
| 149. | Réseau pour la Promotion de la Citoyenneté | Mauritania |
| 150. | Mauritius Trades Union Congress (MTUC) | Mauritius |
| 151. | Migration and Sustainable Development Alliance (MSDA) | Mauritius |
| 152. | Centro de Estudios Sociales y Culturales Antonio de Montesinos A.C. (CAM) | Mexico |
| 153. | Centro de Promoción y Educación Profesional Vasco de Quiroga, A.C. | Mexico |
| 154. | Grupo Tacuba | Mexico |
| 155. | Mujeres para el Diálogo A.C. (MpD) | Mexico |
| 156. | Otros Mundos, A.C. | Mexico |
| 157. | Red Nacional Género y Economía (REDGE) | Mexico |
| 158. | Siembra A.C | Mexico |
| 159. | Democracy Education Center (DEMO) | Mongolia |
| 160. | Espace Associatif | Morocco |
| 161. | Le Réseau Marocain pour la Défense des Biens Publics | Morocco |
| 162. | JOINT - National Coalition of NGOs | Mozambique |
| 163. | All Nepal Peasants Federation (ANPFa) | Nepal |
| 164. | Rural Reconstruction Nepal (RRN) | Nepal |
| 165. | Both ENDS | Netherlands |
| 166. | SOMO (Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations) | Netherlands |
| 167. | Vrijschrift | Netherlands |
| 168. | Wemos Foundation | Netherlands |
| 169. | L'Association Nigérienne des Scouts de l'Environnement (ANSEN) | Niger |
| 170. | Réseau des Organisations de Développment et Associations de Défense des Droits de l'Homme et de la Démocratie (RODADDHD) | Niger |
| 171. | CAFSO-WRAG for Development Nigeria | Nigeria |
| 172. | Centre for Human Rights and Climate Change Research | Nigeria |
| 173. | Environmental Rights Action/Friends of the Earth | Nigeria |
| 174. | Labour, Health and Human Rights Development Centre | Nigeria |
| 175. | l'Association Nigérienne des Scouts de l'Environnement (ANSEN) | Nigeria |
| 176. | Southwest Freedom of Information Act Network Nigeria | Nigeria |
| 177. | Ogoni Solidarity Forum | Nigeria |
| 178. | Association pour la Taxation des Transactions financière et l'Aide aux Citoyens (ATTAC) Norway | Norway |
| 179. | Norwegian Trade Campaign | Norway |
| 180. | The Development Fund | Norway |
| 181. | The Omani Economic Association | Oman |
| 182. | Civil Society Support Program (CSSP) | Pakistan |
| 183. | Dharti Development Foundation Sindh | Pakistan |
| 184. | Institute for Development Initiatives (IDI) | Pakistan |
| 185. | Palestinian Non-Governmental Organization Network (PNGO) | Palestine |
| 186. | Centro de la Mujer Panameña | Panama |
| 187. | DECIDAMOS, Campaña por la Expresión ciudadana | Paraguay |
| 188. | Central Unitaria de Trabajadores del Perú (CUT) | Peru |
| 189. | La Red Peruana por una Globalización con Equidad (RedGE) | Peru |
| 190. | Programa Laboral de Desarrollo (PLADES) | Peru |
| 191. | Red Peruana de Comercio Justo y Consumo Ético | Peru |
| 192. | Ecological Society of the Philippines | Philippines |
| 193. | Migrant Ministry and Program for Victims of Human Trafficking, The United Methodist Church | Philippines |
| 194. | People's Coalition on Food Sovereignty (PCFS) | Philippines |
| 195. | Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement | Philippines |
| 196. | Sentro ng mga Nagkakaisa at Progresibong Manggagawa (SENTRO) | Philippines |
| 197. | Social Watch Philippines | Philippines |
| 198. | Southwest Philippines Annual Conference Board of Church and Society Mindoro | Philippines |
| 199. | Oikos – Cooperação e Desenvolvimento | Portugal |
| 200. | Plataforma Não ao Tratado Transatlântico | Portugal |
| 201. | GREENACT | Senegal |
| 202. | L'Association Nationale des Handicapés Moteurs du Sénégal (ANHMS) | Senegal |
| 203. | Le Mouvement Citoyen Wa Gokh Bi Thiaroye Pikine | Senegal |
| 204. | L'office Africain pour le développement et la coopération (OFADEC) | Senegal |
| 205. | Ongd AFRICANDO | Senegal |
| 206. | Cooperative and Policy Alternative Center | South Africa |
| 207. | South Durban Community Environmental Alliance | South Africa |
| 208. | Community Empowerment for Progress Organization (CEPO) | South Sudan |
| 209. | Association pour la Taxation des Transactions financière et l'Aide aux Citoyens (ATTAC) Spain | Spain |
| 210. | Ecologistas en Acción | Spain |
| 211. | Unión Universal Desarrollo Solidario | Spain |
| 212. | The Gender Studies Centre | Sudan |
| 213. | Alliance Sud | Switzerland |
| 214. | Health Innovation in Practice (HIP) | Switzerland |
| 215. | Mtandao wa Vikundi vya Wakulima (MVIWATA Farmers’ Union) | Tanzania |
| 216. | Social Agenda Working Group (Social Watch) | Thailand |
| 217. | FOSCAO - Togo | Togo |
| 218. | Groupe d’Action et de Recherche en Environnement et Développement | Togo |
| 219. | Humanitaire Plus | Togo |
| 220. | La ligue des consommateurs du Togo (LCT) | Togo |
| 221. | Ligue Togolaise des Drots de l'Homme (LTDH) | Togo |
| 222. | OSCAF | Togo |
| 223. | POSCAO | Togo |
| 224. | Syndicat Democratique Des Mines | Togo |
| 225. | WELFARE Togo | Togo |
| 226. | Development Network of Indigenous Voluntary Associations (DENIVA) | Uganda |
| 227. | Southern and Eastern African Trade Information and Negotiations Institute (SEATINI) Uganda | Uganda |
| 228. | Jubilee Debt Campaign | UK |
| 229. | Traidcraft | UK |
| 230. | War on Want | UK |
| 231. | Friends of the Earth Uruguay (REDES) | Uruguay |
| 232. | Mujer y Salud en Uruguay (MYSU) | Uruguay |
| 233. | Third World Institute | Uruguay |
| 234. | American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO) | USA |
| 235. | Center of Concern | USA |
| 236. | Citizens Trade Campaign (CTC) | USA |
| 237. | Consumer Action | USA |
| 238. | Food & Water Watch | USA |
| 239. | Friends Committee on National Legislation (FCNL) | USA |
| 240. | Friends of the Earth (FOE) U.S. | USA |
| 241. | Global Exchange | USA |
| 242. | Global-Local Links Project | USA |
| 243. | Global Policy Forum | USA |
| 244. | Health GAP (Global Access Project) | USA |
| 245. | Holy Cross International Justice Office | USA |
| 246. | Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy | USA |
| 247. | Institute for Policy Studies, Global Economy Project | USA |
| 248. | Just Foreign Policy | USA |
| 249. | Knowledge Ecology International (KEI) | USA |
| 250. | Moana Nui Action Alliance | USA |
| 251. | National Association of Consumer Advocates (NACA) | USA |
| 252. | Network for Justice in Global Investment | USA |
| 253. | Public Citizen | USA |
| 254. | Public Interest Research Group (PIRG) | USA |
| 255. | Sierra Club | USA |
| 256. | Small Planet Institute | USA |
| 257. | The Democracy Center | USA |
| 258. | United Church of Christ Justice and Witness Ministries | USA |
| 259. | Family Youth Bridge Training Center | Vanuatu |
| 260. | Vanuatu Environment Advocacy Network | Vanuatu |
| 261. | Al-Jawf Women Organization For Development (ALJWOFD) | Yemen |
| 262. | Eastern and Southern Africa Small-Scale Farmers Forum (ESAFF) | Zambia |